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sabato, 18 maggio 2024, 23:14
Sito: OpenMoodle
Corso: Angličtina pro pokročilé (APP)
Glossario: MODERN SOCIETY

to be in the black

být v plusu, být na tom finančně dobře

1. He said the hospital, though it has occasional cash flow problems, is in the black and employees have been enrolled in a new pension plan in which they, rather than the hospital, decide how to invest the hospital's contribution.(WebCorp)

2. Sales of the album are good, airplay is great, and the company is in the black and looking to sign other artists. "I’m a small fish in a very yuck pond. But I’m on the most radio stations I’ve ever been on." (WebCorp)

3. The group as a whole is in the black only because it has income from an American retailing chain Silo and from financial services and property deals in Britain.

to be in the red

být ve ztrátě, mít deficit, být zadlužen

1. Ten years ago the Alvin Ailey Dance Company was in the red. A decade into Judith Jamison's direction, now it's got the largest budget of any modern dance company and popular and critical success.(WebCorp)

2. This would leave Washington no worse off than in the recent past, when both the on- and off-budget balance was in the red.(WebCorp)

3. They claimed the Post Office was in the red and had enormous losses of £ hundreds of millions every year.(WebCorp)

charge account

otevřený úvěr, úvěrové konto

1. It is usually possible to open a charge account, a useful arrangement especially in the current economic climate where cash flow rules the day. (BNCI)

2. Frequent customers also have the option of opening a charge account, which enables them to be billed on a monthly basis. We also now accept VISA or MasterCard credit card payments.(WebCorp)

3. Once your request is approved, you will receive a confirmation letter with your charge account code to be used for your transactions. (WebCorp)


limited company

společnost s ručením omezeným

1. However , the Companies Act 1981 ( now consolidated into the 1985 Act ) permitted greater relief from publication of accounts for small private limited companies.(WASPS)

2. The main advantage of a limited company is that in general only the company and not the individual is liable for the business debts.(BNCI)

3. The principal disadvantage is that a limited company invariably incurs some additional costs. (BNCI)

cash flow

peněžní tok, pohyb (tok) hotovosti, celkové podnikem vydělané prostředky

1. In terms of cash flow, it takes a business man eight or nine years to get his money back on any machinery, for example, that he buys.(BNCI)

2. In an effort to promote and increase sales, many businesses offer more generous payment terms. Payment terms have a significant impact on cash flow, since they can impact the return on your accounts receivable.(WebCorp)

3. If a company has positive cash flow, the company has money available to spend on research and development, to expand operations, and to pay dividends to investors.(WebCorp)

money laundering

praní špinavých peněz

1. If found guilty, Mr McNamara, who has been charged with mail fraud, wire fraud, and money laundering, could face up to 30 years in jail, the seizure of all his assets and fines amounting to more than $800m. (BNCI)

2. New legislation against" money laundering" came into effect on Aug. 1, 1990, making complicity in the laundering of" dirty money" (essentially the proceeds of the international drugs trade) a criminal offence punishable by a prison sentence of up to five years, and compelling banks to identify the true owner of monies deposited with them. (BNCI)

3. On the other hand, controls of all kinds and state interventions do not have an impressive record in avoiding money laundering, while they frequently create opportunities for corruption. Does this still hold true in a context of globalization?(WebCorp)

economic stability

hospodářská stabilita

1. The economic results of the reforms are very difficult to judge because the period was too short for any economic stability to be achieved. (BNCI)

2. I do believe that one of the best ways we're going to benefit from the new circumstances I hope of economic stability of low inflation and low taxation, will be to ensure that the provision of capital is made by the principle institutions, namely the banks and the investing institutions. (BNCI)

3.Most importantly, economic stability in Asia will require more active, positive economic engagement by the US with Japan and Korea.

price liberalisation

liberalizace cen

1. There is no doubt that proceeding to a market economy requires price liberalisation. (BNCI)

2. Mr Myasnikovich said the government aimed to carry out price liberalisation, privatisation and structural transformation of the economy to reduce dependence on Russian oil.(BNCI)

3. Trade and price liberalisation reforms to industrial policy and reduction of some subsidies have been implemented in the 1990s, and the rate of economic growth has increased.(WebCorp)

balance of trade

obchodní bilance

1. During these three years there was also a sharp deterioration in Britain's balance of trade, not assisted by her annual average deficit on her trade account with the EEC of some £10 billion. (BNCI)

2. They depend on the current and anticipated future state of the balance of trade, the rate of inflation, the current and anticipated levels of interest rates in other major trading countries, the price of oil, and so on.(BNCI)

3.  When the amount exported exceeds the amount imported the country is said to have a favourable balance of trade or a trade surplus.(BNCI)

export competitiveness

konkurenceschopnost v exportu

1. There are considerable risks inherent in this policy, for export competitiveness can shift rapidly among countries, almost irrespective of relative changes in domestic costs. (BNCI)

2. Either way, devaluation against the D-mark would not solve the real cause of reduced export competitiveness in France and Italy, namely the weakness of the dollar. (BNCI)

3. The direct relation between export competitiveness and rapid growth is ampy documented. The tabel below compares increased productivity with changes in export prices.(The Times) 

transformed economy

transformovaná ekonomika, hospodářství

1. That is testament to the people of the town, who have shown themselves ready and willing to adapt, learn and work in a transformed economy, and to a Government who have created a stable economy in which business and industry can thrive. (WebCorp)

2. By seizing the opportunities of a new transformed economy and by embracing
change, we can preserve and maintain the values we cherish for generations to come. (WebCorp)

3. President Mary McAleese has told a US conference of writers, academics and politicians Ireland is experiencing a major identity change, with a transformed economy and the peace process in Northern Ireland.(WebCorp)

capitalist economy

kapitalistická ekonomika, založená na soukromém vlastnictví kapitálu

1. If East Germans have the freedom to choose , can we really be confident that they would prefer to face the difficulties of establishing a capitalist economy and democratic system on their own ?(WASPS)

2. A single-minded commitment to economic recovery and growth has produced a dramatic rise in material standards of living and the world 's second largest capitalist economy.(WASPS)

3. It asserts that the development of any advanced capitalist economy leads to a fusion of monopoly corporations and the state into a single instrument of economic exploitation and political domination. (BNCI)

political economy

národní hospodářství

1. By setting local government reform in a wider `;political economy'; context, Cockburn and Dearlove help to explain change, but may exaggerate its significance.(BNCI)

2. Applicants may have research strength in any area of politics, but interest in one or more of the following areas would be an advantage: Political Theory; Comparative Politics; Relation between State and Nation; Policy Studies; Political Economy. (BNCI)

3. Historians and others have written about the boost to economic activity from technology, religion, and the ideas of political economy.(BNCI)

low-tech economy

nemoderní, zastaralá ekonomika

1. Alabama is in a transition from an agrarian and low-tech economy to a manufacturing and high-tech economy. (WebCorp)

2. It is less obvious at first that a series of natural disasters such as forest fires are not simply bad luck; but the agrarian, low-tech economy that shapes Darkover is also being deliberately destroyed.(WebCorp)

3. What has to be done is nothing to do with Marxism, it is a recreation of a highly localised
low-tech economy, which has much in common with traditional society.(WebCorp)

buoyant economy

rostoucí ekonomika

1. When the next Conservative Government are re-elected , we shall have a growing and buoyant economy, and everyone will be better off . (WASPS)

2. The buoyant economy at the end of the eighties of course helped in part by increasing road congestion , forcing many to take the train who would have preferred to drive. (WASPS)

3. Although there was a great deal of debate about education after 1944, much of it up to 1951 focused on the eradication of class differences, not gender differences, in an endeavour to build a more buoyant economy and develop a substantial welfare state. (BNCI)

E-mail: elf@phil.muni.cz
Web: e-learning.phil.muni.cz